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Blood-brain barrier in Alzheimers disease induced brain pathology | 49417

Journal of Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology

Blood-brain barrier in Alzheimers disease induced brain pathology and neuroprotection by nanodelivery of cerebrolysin

7th Global Experts Meeting on NEUROPHARMACOLOGY

July 31-August 02, 2017 | Milan, Italy

Hari Shanker Sharma

Uppsala University, Sweden
RoNeuro Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Romania
University of Basque Country, Spain

Keynote: Neurochem Neuropharm

Abstract :

Military personnel are highly vulnerable to Alzheimerâ��s disease (AD). This is because of the fact that severe stress of trauma, sleep deprivation or combat stress causes increased deposition of amyloid beta peptide in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and in brain parenchyma. Continued stress in military is one of the main causes of development of hypertension and mental abnormalities. Thus, explorations of novel therapeutic strategies are needed to reduce brain damage in military following stress and thwarting development of AD like pathology. Previous studies show that stressful situations alone induce breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and neuronal damages that is long lasting. Thus, a possibility arises that breakdown of the BBB in stress could play critical roles in development of AD. In present investigation, we explored whether AD induced brain pathology caused by amyloid beta peptide (A�²P) infusion is exacerbated in rats subjected to repeated immobilization that induces mild hypertension and opens the BBB to large molecules e.g., proteins. A�²P (1-40) was administered intra ventricular (i.c.v.) in the left lateral ventricle (250 ng/10 �¼l) of rats (250-300 g body weight) once daily for 4 weeks in na�¯ve animals as well as in rats that were subjected to repeated immobilization stress two hours daily for one week. Control rats received identical dose of saline instead of A�²P. BBB breakdown, edema formation, neuronal, glial injuries and A�²P deposits in the brain was examined in a blinded fashion. Repeated two hours stress for one week induced marked BBB breakdown to Evans blue albumin and radioiodine tracers in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, caudate nucleus, cerebellum and brainstem from the naive rats. Infusion of A�²P in these stressed rats further enhanced the BBB breakdown to protein tracers by several-folds and aggravation of neuronal damages, astrocytic activation and brain swelling. The number of A�²P positive cells increased by three to six in stressed group as compared to naive rats. Co administration of TiO2 or PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) loaded cerebrolysin (2.5 ml/kg, i.v. /day from 2nd week of A�²P infusion for two weeks) induced profound neuroprotection in stressed rats. It appears that TiO2-nanowired delivery has superior neuroprotective effects in this AD model as compared to PLGA-delivery of identical doses of cerebrolysin. Taken together our observations are the first to demonstrate that repeated stress exacerbates AD brain pathology and nanodelivery of cerebrolysin has superior neuroprotective effects. Taken together, our results demonstrate that breakdown of the BBB is key to AD induced brain pathology and restoration of BBB function by cerebrolysin induces neuroprotection in AD.

Biography :

Hari Shanker Sharma is the Director of International Experimental Central Nervous System (CNS) Injury and Repair (IECNSIR) at University Hospital, Uppsala University, Sweden. He is a qualified Neuroanatomist and experimental Neurpathologist trained in Germany, Switzerland, Hungary, Sweden and USA. His main research interest is currently focused on neurotoxicity of nanoparticle and nanowired drug delivery of agents for enhanced neuroprotection in a variety of CNS insults or neurodegenerative diseases in relation to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) function. He has authored more than 250 original research papers and edited several book volumes or progress in brain research series.

Email: Sharma@surgsci.uu.se

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