Zahid Hussain
Pakistan
Research Article
Detection and Quantification of Formalin Adulteration in Cow Milk Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Multivariate Analysis
Author(s): Fazal Mabood, Javid Hussain, Al Nabhani MOO, Syed Abdullah Gilani, Saima Farooq, Zakira Naureen, Farah Jabeen, Manzor Ahmed, Zahid Hussain and Ahmed Al-HarrasiFazal Mabood, Javid Hussain, Al Nabhani MOO, Syed Abdullah Gilani, Saima Farooq, Zakira Naureen, Farah Jabeen, Manzor Ahmed, Zahid Hussain and Ahmed Al-Harrasi
In order to increase the shelf life for long distance transportation of milk, formalin is added as an adulterant to milk. That is highly toxic causes liver and kidney damages. A new Near Infrared spectroscopy (NIR) combined with multivariate analysis was developed to detect as well as to quantify the level of formalin adulteration in cow milk. In this study four different types of cow milk samples were collected from Nizwa regions of Sultanate of Oman and were investigated. Those cow milk samples were then adulterated with formalin at eight different percentage levels: 0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 9%, 11%, 13% and 17% of formalin. All samples were measured using NIR spectroscopy in absorption mode in the wavelength range from 700-2500 nm, at 2 cm-1 resolution and using a 0.2 mm path length CaF2 sealed cell. The multivariate methods like Principle component analysis (PCA), partial least discrimina.. View More»
