Citations are important for a journal to get impact factor. Impact
factor is a measure reflecting the average number of citations to recent
articles published in the journal. The impact of the journal is influenced by impact factor, the
journals with high impact
factor are considered more important than those with lower ones. Impact
factor plays a major role for the particular journal. Journal with higher impact
factor is considered to be more important than other ones. Impact
factor can be calculated as average number of citation divided by recent cited
articles published in 2 years. There is a healthy debate about how to achieve poverty reduction in developing countries, but not enough discussion of what we mean by "poverty reduction." "Poverty reduction" is often used as a short-hand for promoting
economic growth that will permanently lift as many people as possible over a poverty line. But there are many different objectives that are consistent with "poverty reduction," and we have to make choices between them. There are trade-offs between tackling current and future poverty, between helping as many poor people as possible and focusing on those in chronic poverty, and between measures that tackle the causes of poverty and those which deal with the symptoms. Because donors focus on just one dimension of poverty reduction (growth) they marginalise other legitimate objectives such as reducing chronic poverty or providing social services in countries that cannot otherwise afford them. Because donor agencies do not recognize these different objectives explicitly, there are important negative consequences for the choice and
management of individual aid programmes, and for donors' ability to make transparent and evidence-based decisions about the composition of their portfolio. Aid could be more effective if there were greater recognition of the different dimensions of poverty reduction and if this was recognized in the objectives for and incentives in aid agencies. There is an ethical case for a global system of social
justice that provides long-term, redistributional transfers of resources to the world's poor, to enable them to lead better lives while their country is developing, even if there is no expectation that these transfers will accelerate economic development. Reasonable people can disagree about whether this is desirable but the existing hegemonic definition of poverty reduction does not sufficiently acknowledge this as a legitimate goal or permit a meaningful discourse about how it might be achieved. Poverty eradication must be mainstreamed into the national policies and actions in accordance with the internationally agreed development goals forming part of the broad United Nations Development Agenda, forged at UN conferences and summits in the economic, social and related fields. The Second United Nations Decade for the Eradication of Poverty (2008-2017), proclaimed by the General Assembly in December 2007 aims at supporting such a broad framework for poverty eradication, emphasizing the need to strengthen the leadership role of the United Nations in promoting international cooperation for development, critical for the eradication of poverty. A social perspective on development requires addressing poverty in all its dimensions. It promotes people-centered approach to poverty eradication advocating the empowerment of people living in poverty through their full participation in all aspects of political, economic and social life, especially in the design and implementation of policies that affect the poorest and most vulnerable groups of society. An integrated strategy towards poverty eradication necessitates implementing policies geared to more equitable distribution of wealth and income and
social protection coverage.
Relevant Topics in General Science
