Lung cancer is the most common cancer killer in the United States and around the world. The fact that the majority of lung cancers are detected at advanced stages, when treatment choices are essentially palliative, contributes to the disease's high fatality rate. Other epithelial tumours, such as uterine, cervical, esophageal, and colon carcinomas, have proven that detecting and treating neoplastic lesions at their intraepithelial stage improves the chances of survival greatly. To reduce lung cancer mortality, new tools and approaches for diagnosing and treating pre-invasive lesions must be developed. Early detection of lung cancer, on the other hand, is a huge challenge. Lung cancer is a very complicated neoplasm from a histological and biological standpoint, with many pre-neoplastic pathways.
