Smirti Sharma*, Mukti Ram Poudel
Wheat is considered as limiting factor for crop productivity and food security. Morphological, physiological and bio chemical phenomena are affected by water unavailability in soil. Morphological changes like seedling length, primary roots length, seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight, shoot dry weight, germination rate occur during drought condition in soil. Changes in physiological phenomena like cell growth pattern, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate, evapotranspiration rate, membranous stability, relative water content occurs by water scarcity in soil. Bio chemical changes in proline content, Anti-oxidant enzymes defence system, osmotic adjustment, abscisic acid production, lipid peroxidation occurs at water deficient period in wheat. Despite of these all causes, 4 mechanism of drought tolerance i.e., escape, avoidance, recovery, tolerance are present in wheat crop are studied in this review. Drought-tolerant wheat cultivars should be developed using modern approaches such as physiological trait-based breeding, molecular breeding, marker-assisted backcrossing, genome editing, transcriptase factors.
