Anne X. Gao, Huynh Thi Kieu Oanh, Garima Tripathi, Karen C. Wang, Hsin-lun Lee, Long-Sheng Lu, Jeng-Fong Chiou, Tungho Wu
Chemotherapy has long been a cornerstone of cancer treatment, offering life-saving potential for millions. Yet its limitations—nonspecific targeting, severe side effects, and variable efficacy—have prompted researchers to seek smarter, more personalized approaches. Enter nanotechnology, artificial intelligence (AI), and precision medicine: three transformative forces poised to redefine chemotherapy and usher in a new era of cancer care. Chemotherapy is evolving—from a one-size-fits-all approach to a sophisticated, personalized, and adaptive therapy. Nanotechnology delivers drugs with pinpoint accuracy, AI guides decision-making with unprecedented insight, and precision medicine ensures that treatment fits the patient, not the other way around. Together, these technologies are not just enhancing chemotherapy—they’re redefining it. The future of cancer care is smarter, safer, and more humane. And it’s already beginning