Journal of Multiple Sclerosis

Demyelination: Understanding the Disruption of Nerve Function

P.K. Kumar*

Demyelination refers to the damage or loss of the myelin sheath, a protective covering around nerve fibers that facilitates efficient electrical signal transmission in the nervous system. This process disrupts nerve function and contributes to a variety of neurological disorders, including Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS), and leukodystrophies. In autoimmune diseases like MS, the immune system mistakenly attacks myelin, leading to inflammation and further damage. While inflammation is a natural immune response, in demyelinating diseases, it becomes dysregulated, resulting in chronic neurological impairment. This short communication aims to discuss the mechanisms of demyelination, its clinical manifestations, and ongoing research into potential therapies targeting remyelination.